|
The representation and symbolism are unbelievably beautiful and incredibly well distilled. The project is a
fascinating proposition for such a small one-block site. The depth of analysis was immediately clear and usable.
It would work well for community groups.”
—2013 Professional Awards Jury
這個具有代表性和象征意義的項目精雕細(xì)琢，美得令人窒息。如此小的場地卻如此令人神往。具有深度的分析即清
晰又實用，很好的服務(wù)了社區(qū)群體。
——2013專業(yè)獎評審委員會
Elevated Ground: A 300 Year Vision for a 220-Year-Old Square By Christopher Counts Studio
項目概述
Project Statement
摩爾廣場是一塊4英畝大小的公共空間，距今已有220年的歷史。摩爾廣場是威廉•克里斯摩斯1792年為卡羅萊納州
北部羅利市規(guī)劃的五大廣場之一。該廣場深受市民喜愛，但由于年久失修，需要改造以適應(yīng)羅利市蓬勃發(fā)展的城市
生活。整體規(guī)劃著重突出其最為獨特和重要的特點，同時通過中央城市地形拓展其在經(jīng)驗上、生態(tài)學(xué)和規(guī)劃上的范
圍。
Moore Square, a four-acre, 220-year-old public space, is one of five original Squares established by William
Christmas' 1792 plan for Raleigh, North Carolina. The Square is a deeply loved civic treasure that has fallen into
disrepair and in need of improvements to accommodate the thriving urban life of downtown Raleigh. The Master
Plan builds upon its most unique and significant characteristics, while expanding its experiential, ecological and
programmatic range by introducing a centralized civic landform.
↑ Site Plan. 場地規(guī)劃
摩爾廣場占地面積4英畝，距今已有220年的歷史，是威廉•克里斯摩斯1792年為卡羅萊納州北部的羅利市規(guī)劃的五
大廣場之一。在現(xiàn)存的三個廣場中，聯(lián)合廣場(Union Square)現(xiàn)已成為卡萊羅納州首府用地，納什廣場（Nash
Square）則成為19世紀(jì)的漫步花園和紀(jì)念廣場；但是摩爾廣場始終是一片公共綠地，深受羅利市民喜愛，并被列入
國家歷史名勝名錄。如今羅利市人口是初建時的400多倍，人們對公園綠地的需求也不斷增長，摩爾廣場的存在正
是為了滿足這一需求，但最初規(guī)劃的公共空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)卻已退化了50%。在摩爾廣場周圍繁華的城區(qū)，包括兒童博物館、
公共交通系統(tǒng)、歷史名城市場、熱鬧的餐廳、酒吧和咖啡廳在內(nèi)的地區(qū)，這種需求的增長顯而易見。
Moore Square, a four-acre, 220-year-old public space, is one of five original Squares established by William
Christmas' 1792 plan for the Capital of North Carolina. Of the three remaining Squares; Union Square has
become the State Capital grounds, Nash Square has stabilized as a 19th century strolling garden and monument
grounds, but Moore Square has maintained its identity and use as a public green. Deeply loved by the citizens of
Raleigh and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Moore Square is uniquely positioned to respond to
the growing park needs of a City that has grown in population by more than 40,000% since its founding, while its
originally planned public space network has diminished by almost 50%. This growth is evident in the thriving
urban context that surrounds Moore Square and includes a children's museum, public transit station, historic
City market, and vibrant restaurants, bars, and cafés.
 
↑ Physical and Cultural Evolution 物理與文化演變
Although the physical qualities of Moore Square have changed dramatically over its lifetime, its civic legacy lies
in its use as a social space defining improvements that enhance its social performance consistent with its
character defining qualities as outlined by the national park service guidelines for historical landscapes.
盡管摩爾廣場的物理特性發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，但它的最大優(yōu)勢在于它作為公共空間所發(fā)揮的作用，根據(jù)國家公
園管理局對歷史風(fēng)景的規(guī)定改建廣場以提高其公共性能。
但是這塊城市瑰寶正在走向破敗，急需改建以適應(yīng)羅利市繁榮的城市生活。摩爾廣場的整體規(guī)劃是基于其最獨特、
最顯著的特點設(shè)立的，通過打造中心城市地形拓展其空間上、經(jīng)驗上和規(guī)劃上的范圍。這一設(shè)計特征將從功能上和
視覺上將廣場劃分出幾個特別的空間，滿足更多人群的要求。中心地形概念巧妙的打破了傳統(tǒng)的棋盤式道路結(jié)構(gòu)，
充分激發(fā)了廣場的潛力，增修了36%的道路，可占用陰影面積增至原來的2.5倍，樹林覆蓋面積增加了39%，專用
休息區(qū)增加了10倍，原生棲息地擴大至原來的3.45倍，同時保持95% 的地方視野開闊。這種簡單的干預(yù)將廣場功
能拓展到最大化，在這塊4英畝的廣場上，人們將有更多的娛樂選擇和體驗，這樣的戶外環(huán)境將占地面積和多功能
花園放在首位。廣場將成為一個多維度的開放草地，具有良好的前景和廣闊的綠地，既可用于緊急避難，還可用于
休閑娛樂場所。游玩摩爾廣場就像一次探索旅行，美麗的奇景和變幻多端的體驗正等著人們開啟。
Moore Square is a civic treasure that has fallen into disrepair and is in need of improvements to accommodate the
thriving urban life of downtown Raleigh. The Moore Square Master Plan builds upon its most unique and
significant characteristics, and expands its spatial, experiential and programmatic range by introducing a
centralized civic landform. This design feature energizes and organizes the site into visually and functionally
distinct spaces to accommodate a wider range of uses than the Square offers today. The central landform concept
subtly breaks the existing traditional crisscross path structure, unlocking the Square's potential to provide 36%
more paths, 250% more occupiable shaded areas, 39% more canopy trees, 1000% more formal seating
opportunities, and 345% more native habitat, while maintaining open views through 95% of the site. This simple
intervention maximizes the efficiency of the four-acre site, amplifies choice of movement and range of experience
for visitors, and shapes an outdoor environment that prioritizes occupation and flexible park use. The Square
becomes multidimensional, offering prospect, large expanses of open lawn, and places for refuge and recreation.
Visiting Moore Square becomes an exploratory journey of unfolding views and diverse opportunities.
 
↑ Urban Context 城市文脈
Only two Squares remain of the original 1792 five square town plan, yet the population of the Capital has
increased more than 40,000% since its founding.
1972年規(guī)劃的5大廣場僅剩2個，但卡羅萊納周首府的人口卻比初建時增長了400多倍。
原來的路徑都沒有改動，盡可能減小對植物根部的破壞，僅把花槽移除以增加景深�，F(xiàn)有的鋪路材料將被回收用做
新廣場內(nèi)鋪路圖案的材料，在那里可以舉辦大型表演和即興表演活動。廣場地形有很多是自然形成的，北面的緩坡
成了天然的露天競技場，人們還可以在那里沐浴日光，欣賞美景。規(guī)劃還設(shè)計了一系列可持續(xù)項目，比如：將雨水
收集到雨水花園、在自然區(qū)增加生物棲息地等，確保該設(shè)計有利于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，同時打造一個安靜的閱讀環(huán)境和賞鳥
勝地。
新的摩爾廣場極具吸引力，讓人們不自覺地踏入其中，人們有種被歡迎、安全和興奮的感覺。公園就像一座城市影
院，連續(xù)種植策略使公園邊界、草坪、緩坡和古老的橡樹充滿生機。緊湊的布置使其成為象征羅利市活力的標(biāo)志性
場所。摩爾廣場的意義在于把城市建筑創(chuàng)造成了人文景觀。通過擴大與社會的交流，摩爾廣場將在21世紀(jì)繼續(xù)投入
使用，向這段歷史進程致敬。
The original entry paths are retained to minimize root disturbance and planters removed to deepen views.
Existing path materials are recycled in the pavement pattern of an exciting and flexible new plaza that can host
both grand and impromptu performances. Natural play opportunities are embedded in the landform, and the
gentle northern slope becomes an amphitheater or simply a place to sunbathe and people-watch. Sustainable
practices such as collecting storm water in rain gardens and enriching habitat in the interpretative natural area
ensure this design benefits the ecosystem and establishes a contemplative zone for reading and bird watching.
In the new Moore Square, people will feel as if they are being pulled inside, and experience a sense of welcome,
safety and excitement. The park becomes a civic theatre, while its edges, lawn, subtle slopes, and historic oak
perimeter are animated, protected and invigorated with a successional planting strategy. Intensified activity
throughout the Square reveals an iconic destination emblematic of Raleigh's vitality. Moore Square's significance
as an ethnographic cultural landscape was generated by civic use. Imagining its continued use in the 21st century,
by expanding the possibilities for engaging social interaction, honors this historic progression.
 
↑ Activity Collage 活動拼圖
The design builds upon its most unique and significant characteristics, but expands its experiential and
programmatic range to accommodate a wider range of uses than the square offers today.
摩爾廣場的整體規(guī)劃基于其最獨特、最顯著的特點，通過打造中心城市地形拓展其空間上、經(jīng)驗上和規(guī)劃上的范圍。
以滿足更多人群的要求。
摩爾廣場在這座城市厚重的歷史中發(fā)揮著很多不同的作用，比如用于放牧的公共場地，軍事閱兵場，南北戰(zhàn)爭重建
時美國黑人士兵營地，教堂和學(xué)校場地，還有歷史悠久的Black主街和城市市場。根據(jù)總體規(guī)劃，摩爾廣場的未來
發(fā)展方向可能是申請國家歷史古跡，并根據(jù)內(nèi)政部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改造成具有制定特性的廣場。設(shè)計團隊并沒有為了復(fù)原衰退
的人文景觀而在設(shè)計和保留原景之間找一個折中的方法，而是將規(guī)劃視作一個解讀、編排和擴大當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的一個創(chuàng)
造性行為。廣場的物理特性自建造以來經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化，但同時它的公共空間屬性也滿足了城市不斷變化的需求。
目前，該廣場在外形上雖然有所改善，但是性能上仍然無法達到其作為社交空間的最佳狀態(tài)，因此，對場地進行改
造，提升廣場的社會空間功能，響應(yīng)城市需求，這種做法使廣場保持了與歷史遺跡的一致性。
Moore Square has hosted a variety of different uses throughout the City's rich history. These uses include a
common area for livestock grazing, a military parade ground, and barracks for African-American Union soldiers
during Reconstruction, a site of a church and school, and a gathering space for Raleigh's historic Black Main
Street and City Market. The possible futures for Moore Square explored through the master planning process
respect it's National Register for Historic Places status and the Secretary of Interior's Standards that guide
contemporary changes to designated properties. Rather than viewing the task as a compromise between design
and preservation focused merely on the rehabilitation of a degraded cultural landscape, the planning evolved as a
creative act of reading, editing and amplifying site conditions. Over its lifetime, the Square has changed
dramatically in its physical attributes, but its use as a social space that accommodates the changing needs of the
City have remained constant. Currently the Square is underperforming and not capable of reaching its highest
and best use as a social space in its existing physical form. Therefore, modifications to the site that enhance its
use as a social space and respond to the current needs of the City and are proven to be consistent with its
historical heritage.
Extensive dialogue was conducted in collaboration with the North Carolina State Historical Preservation Office,
more than 30 city and state agencies, and the design team. The extensive analysis and planning helped to
articulate a more nuanced and project-appropriate understanding of the character defining features of Moore
Square as a constantly changing living landscape. This enhanced “landscape specific” understanding helped to
transform initial reluctance and concerns into broad public support for the project.
↑ Design Concept Axon 設(shè)計概念軸
The landform intervention unlocks the full potential of the Square and transforms it into a high-performance
urban landscape infusing its traditional one-dimensional plan with a multiplicity of landscape types, social spaces,
and ecologies.
地形干預(yù)充分激發(fā)了廣場的潛力，通過向傳統(tǒng)簡單的計劃注入大量景觀類型、社會空間和生態(tài)環(huán)境，將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦?/span>
性能城市景觀。
北卡羅萊納州立歷史保護辦公室，30多個城市和州機構(gòu)合作和設(shè)計團隊展開了廣泛的談話。對廣場大量的分析和規(guī)
劃有助于清晰明確的定位摩爾廣場的特征，即作為不斷變化的生活景觀。這種優(yōu)化后的“對景觀的獨特”理解有助
于讓公眾從最初對項目的猶豫和顧慮轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷椖康闹С帧?/span>
設(shè)計的主要原則是可持續(xù)性原則，這包括一系列元素，比如長期的樹木管理、場地規(guī)劃和選材。對現(xiàn)有樹木的保護
和壽命的考慮幫助完善了項目的各個方面，從而引發(fā)出一些創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計，如抬高路面，利用墩子做成邊緣系統(tǒng)保護
樹木保護區(qū)，嵌入中央地貌內(nèi)的地上基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施核心，和景觀動態(tài)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)?shù)氐匦慰梢允占⒃倮糜晁�，同時
栽種本地植物豐富棲息地。這些元素使摩爾廣場綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和可持續(xù)設(shè)計成為的重點示范項目。保護性建設(shè)技術(shù)
可以保護歷史悠久的橡木圍，同時賦予廣場更多的占地和娛樂空間。這種全面的總體規(guī)劃立求創(chuàng)造一個值得尊重和
具有前瞻性的設(shè)計框架，讓這個已有220歲高齡的廣場帶著歷史的榮耀，蛻變成全民矚目的世界級的公共空間。
Principles of sustainability are a major driver of the design informing a wide array of elements including long-
term tree management, site program and material selection. The protection and longevity of existing trees
informed all aspects of the design and led to several innovative design features such as elevated pavement details,
a pier stabilized perimeter edge system to protect tree protection areas, an above-ground infrastructure core
embedded inside the central landform, and a dynamic circulation system of unfolding views. The landform
collects and re-uses storm water on the site while enriching habitat through native plantings. This component has
the potential to make Moore Square a key demonstration project of green infrastructure and sustainable design.
The historic oak perimeter is preserved and enhanced through protective construction techniques, which
safeguard the trees while allowing for greater occupation and enjoyment of the Square. This comprehensive
Master Plan aspires to create the framework for a respectful and forward looking design that elevates the 220-
year old Square into a world class public space of civic dignity fitting of its honorific past. VIA:ASLA
↑ Existing Tree Diagram 現(xiàn)有樹木圖
Existing site is endowed with a mature grove of canopy trees. The long term protection, enhancement, and
celebration of this beloved urban amenity are major drivers of the design.
廣場現(xiàn)址有大片的樹林覆蓋，。對城市設(shè)施的長期的保護、優(yōu)化是設(shè)計的主要考慮因素。
↑ Site Conditions and Improvements 場地現(xiàn)狀與改善
The design employs a science-based approach to evaluating landscape performance.
設(shè)計采用更科學(xué)方法評估景觀性能。
 
↑ Canopy Tree Analysis and Projections 樹木覆蓋分析與預(yù)測
Proposed canopy tree planting locations, size, and species developed from detailed 100-year growth and decline
projections. The resulting comprehensive recommendations emphasize the improvement of spacing, age
diversity, and increased canopy cover.
圖為100年內(nèi)樹木覆蓋的位置、大小和種類的預(yù)測。結(jié)果的重點在于改善空間、樹齡多樣性和增加樹木覆蓋面積。
↑ Landform North 北部地形
The gentle north slope of the landform becomes an iconic social generator, elevated prospect, and lawn
amphitheater for formal and informal events.
北部的緩坡成為標(biāo)志性的“社交發(fā)動機”，高高在上的草坪上可以舉行許多正式與非正式的活動。
↑ Landform Infrastructure 地貌基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
The landform acts as an above-ground infrastructure core that minimizes disturbance to existing root systems and
houses a storm water cistern, bathrooms, and utility room.
突起的地形起到地面公共設(shè)施核心的作用，可以把對根部系統(tǒng)的破壞降到最低，同時設(shè)有雨水蓄水池、盥洗室和雜
物間。
↑ Landform South 南部地形
The multi-functional south face of the landform is articulated by native planting and stone outcrops that function
as informal gathering areas, habitats and natural play zones for children.
多功能南部地形生長著本地植物和出露巖石，可用作聚會區(qū)，生物棲息地和孩子們玩耍的地方。
 
↑ Exploded Axon Diagram 軸測圖
The interrelated layering of landscape types, program, and existing trees create a vibrant tapestry of dignified
public spaces fitting of the square's rich ethnographic heritage.
景觀類型、規(guī)劃和現(xiàn)有樹木的分層編織了一塊神圣而富有生機的場地，符合廣場深厚的人文背景。
↑ Civic Plaza 城市廣場
The civic plaza celebrates the square's African American heritage and becomes a popular place to People-watch,
experience impromptu performances, and to feel the exciting vitality of Raleigh.
城市廣場有大量非裔美國遺產(chǎn)，是深受歡迎的觀光勝地，這里有很多即興表演，人們可以感受到羅利市的活力。
↑ Café, Public Bathrooms, & Grove Terrace 咖啡廳、公共衛(wèi)生間和格羅夫露臺
The café and public bathrooms create a destination, provide refreshments, and invite citizens to occupy the
Square and enjoy the richness of urban life.
咖啡廳和公共浴室是游客的好去處，不僅有可口的甜點，還讓市民成為廣場的主人，盡情享受多姿多彩的都市生活。
|
